5/5/2023 0 Comments Cactus music aleotoric![]() ![]() At the macroscopic level, the sections are designed and controlled by the composer while the single components of sound are controlled by mathematical theories. On the level of detail, Iannis Xenakis used probability theories to define some microscopic aspects of Pithoprakta (1955–56), which is Greek for “actions by means of probability.” This work contains four sections, characterized by textural and timbral attributes, such as glissandi and pizzicati. From pop music to 19th-century classical music to Broadway and beyond, most of the music youll hear on the radio and in the concert hall is tonal music. Because this work is absolutely fixed from performance to performance, Cage regarded it as an entirely determinate work made using chance procedures. In John Cage’s Music of Changes (1951), for example, the composer selected duration, tempo, and dynamics by using the I Ching, an ancient Chinese book which prescribes methods for arriving at random numbers. The first group includes scores in which the chance element is involved only in the process of composition, so that every parameter is fixed before their performance. From this point of view, indeterminate or chance music can be divided into three groups: (1) the use of random procedures to produce a determinate, fixed score, (2) mobile form, and (3) indeterminate notation, including graphic notation and texts. However, the amount of chance is not immeasurable. Simply put, aleatoric music is left up to some amount of chance. The tempo, instrumentation, dynamics, order of the written music, or various other devices can be manipulated. ![]() Some writers do not make a distinction between aleatory, chance, and indeterminancy in music, and use the terms interchangeably. Aleatoric music refers to musical compositions where some aspect of the music is left to chance. The term is most often associated with procedures in which the chance element involves a relatively limited number of possibilities. IntroductionĪleatoric music (also aleatory music or chance music from the Latin word alea, meaning “dice”) is music in which some element of the composition is left to chance, and/or some primary element of a composed work’s realization is left to the determination of its performer(s). However, John Cage is so associated with chance music that it would seem odd not to study this important 20th century technique in connection with Cage. To be clear, the Sonatas and Interludes are not aleatoric works, so the John Cage piece on our playlist does not incorporate aleatoric elements. backward statement of a previously heard melody, passage, or twelve-tone row. in twelve-tone music, an ordering of all twelve pitch-classes that is used to generate the musical content. John Cage became a strong proponent of aleatoric techniques, even going so far as to use them in lectures as well as musical compositions. A collection of pitch-classes that preserves its identity when transposed, inverted, or reordered and used melodically or harmonically. Aleatoric music involves the use of chance in either the composition or performance of the piece. ![]()
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